The Roman forum was arguably the earliest example of a permanent retail shopfront. Trajan's Market at Trajan's forum, built around 100-110CE, was a vast expanse, comprising multiple buildings with tabernae that served as retail shops, situated on four levels. Rome had two forums the Forum Romanum and Trajan's Forum. Īncient Rome utilized a similar marketplace known as the forum. In ancient Greece, the agora served as a marketplace where merchants kept stalls or shops to sell their goods. However, the transient nature of stalls and stall-holders meant the consumers needed to make careful inspection of goods prior to purchase. People would shop for goods at a regular market in nearby towns. In antiquity, marketplaces and fairs were established to facilitate the exchange of goods and services. Remains of marketplace and retail shops at Trajan's Forum in Rome Īccording to a 2000 report, in New York State, women purchase 80% of all consumer goods. They are based on a variety of factors including how the customer is treated, convenience, the type of goods being purchased, and mood. A retailer or a shop is a business that presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods. This way they save time and the cost of traveling. Using online shopping methods, consumers do not need to consume energy by physically visiting physical stores. The B2C (business to consumer) process has made it easy for consumers to select any product online from a retailer's website and to have it delivered relatively quickly. Online retailers deliver their products directly to the consumers' home, offices, or wherever they want. Online shopping has become a major disruptor in the retail industry as consumers can now search for product information and place product orders across different regions. A typology of shopper types has been developed by scholars which identifies one group of shoppers as recreational shoppers, that is, those who enjoy shopping and view it as a leisure activity. Shopping is an activity in which a customer browses the available goods or services presented by one or more retailers with the potential intent to purchase a suitable selection of them.
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